BMW – xDrive
BMW introduced its xDrive system in 2003, though earlier versions of AWD existed in some of its models. xDrive is an intelligent all-wheel drive system designed to offer dynamic performance while maintaining BMW’s signature rear-wheel-drive character. It uses an electronically controlled multi-plate clutch that actively distributes torque between the front and rear axles. The system continuously monitors road conditions, throttle input, steering angle, and wheel speed, allowing it to make real-time adjustments.
One of xDrive’s main goals is to enhance cornering performance and driving stability. In normal conditions, power is typically split 40:60 between front and rear axles, but it can vary from 100% rear to 100% front as needed. xDrive is integrated with BMW’s Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) to further improve handling and safety.
xDrive shines on slippery roads and twisty terrain, offering a more engaging drive compared to traditional AWD systems. However, some purists argue that it adds weight and complexity, slightly dulling the feel of a classic BMW rear-drive platform.
Audi – quattro
Audi’s quattro is one of the most legendary AWD systems in automotive history. Introduced in the early 1980s with the original Audi Quattro rally car, this system helped Audi dominate motorsports and build a reputation for exceptional grip and handling. Over the years, quattro has evolved into several variants depending on the model and platform.
There are two main types of quattro systems. For longitudinal engine layouts, such as in the Audi A4, A6, and Q7, Audi uses a Torsen (torque-sensing) or self-locking center differential that splits torque dynamically between the front and rear axles, typically in a 40:60 ratio. For transverse engine layouts, mostly in smaller models like the A3 and Q3, Audi uses a Haldex-based system, which is a front-biased AWD with a multi-plate clutch that can send power to the rear when needed.
The Torsen-based quattro system offers superior balance and consistent torque distribution, making it ideal for high-performance driving in diverse conditions. The Haldex version is more economical but less performance-oriented. Regardless, quattro remains one of the most respected names in AWD systems due to its proven record in both daily driving and motorsports.
Mercedes-Benz – 4MATIC
Mercedes-Benz's 4MATIC system is another example of precision German engineering aimed at maximizing traction and safety. First introduced in the 1980s, 4MATIC has been refined into various generations and applications, from luxury sedans to SUVs.
The modern 4MATIC system also varies depending on the vehicle layout. For longitudinally mounted engines (like in the E-Class or GLE), the system uses a center differential with variable torque distribution, often defaulting to a 45:55 split between front and rear. In newer models, Mercedes uses electronically controlled clutch packs that can adapt torque distribution on the fly. For compact models with transverse engines (like the A-Class or GLA), a version of the system similar to the Haldex type is used, offering primarily front-wheel drive with rear-wheel support when traction is lost.
Mercedes emphasizes comfort and safety in its 4MATIC tuning, ensuring stable performance in all weather conditions. It integrates with numerous driver assistance features and suspension systems to deliver a smooth, composed ride. While not as sporty as xDrive or quattro, 4MATIC is extremely capable and dependable, especially in larger vehicles and harsh environments.
Volkswagen – 4MOTION
Volkswagen’s 4MOTION AWD system is often seen as the more practical and affordable version of quattro, given the shared technology between the Volkswagen Group brands. Like Audi, VW uses different 4MOTION systems depending on the drivetrain configuration.
For transverse engine models like the Tiguan, Golf R, and Passat Alltrack, the system is Haldex-based. This means it primarily drives the front wheels and activates the rear axle only when necessary, using an electro-hydraulic clutch. It provides better fuel economy but doesn’t offer the full-time AWD engagement that driving enthusiasts might seek.
In larger, longitudinal engine models like the Touareg, 4MOTION is implemented using a Torsen-type center differential or other more advanced mechanical solutions, providing a more consistent AWD experience.
Volkswagen’s system is well-regarded for its reliability and effectiveness in bad weather. It may not offer the same level of performance finesse as Audi’s or BMW’s systems, but for the price point and application, it delivers impressive traction and control.
Which Is the Best?
Determining which system is the best depends heavily on the intended use, driving style, and personal preferences.
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For Enthusiasts and Performance Driving: Audi’s Torsen-based quattro is often the preferred choice. Its balanced torque distribution and rally heritage make it ideal for spirited driving on various surfaces. BMW’s xDrive is a close second, especially for those who value a more rear-wheel-drive feel with AWD benefits.
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For All-Weather Safety and Comfort: Mercedes-Benz’s 4MATIC excels in providing a seamless driving experience in rain, snow, and ice. It is finely tuned for safety and comfort, especially in luxury models.
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For Value and Everyday Use: Volkswagen’s 4MOTION, particularly in its Haldex form, offers great real-world performance at a more affordable price point. It’s ideal for buyers who want AWD capabilities without paying a premium.
Conclusion
All four German automakers have developed excellent AWD systems tailored to their brand philosophy. Audi’s quattro leads in performance heritage and capability, BMW’s xDrive brings sportiness to AWD, Mercedes’ 4MATIC focuses on refinement and safety, and Volkswagen’s 4MOTION provides solid performance for the average driver. Rather than declaring a single system superior across the board, it is more accurate to say that each excels in its domain. The best choice ultimately depends on what you prioritize: performance, comfort, prestige, or practicality.
